PCs are designed based on generations of different CPUs. Intel is not the only company that makes the CPU, although that became a pioneer among others. In every generation that dominates the Intel chips, but the fifth generation there are few options other than Intel chips.
GENERATION 1 (Processor 8088 and 8086)
Processor 8086 (1978) is the first Intel 16 bit CPU that uses 16-bit system bus. But the 16-bit hardware like the motherboard when it's too expensive, where 8-bit microcomputer is standard. In 1979 Intel CPU redesigned to fit the 8-bit hardware is there. The first PC (1981) has this 8088 CPU. 8088 is a 16 bit CPU, but only internally. External data bus width is only 8 bits that give kompatibelan with existing hardware.
Indeed 8088 is a CPU 16 / 8 bits. Logically this processor can be named 8086SX. 8086 is the first CPU that is really 16 bits in this family.
80 286 GENERATION 2 processor
286 (1982) is also a 16 bit processor. This processor has a relatively big progress compared to the first generation chips. Clock frequency is increased, but the main improvement is to optimize the handling of orders. 286 produces more work per clock tick than 8088/8086. In the initial speed (6 MHz) demonstrating work four times better than 8086 at 4.77 MHz. Recently introduced with the clock speed of 8.10, and 12 MHz are used in IBM PC-AT (1984). Renewal of the others is the ability to work in protected mode / modes of protection - a new working mode with a "24-bit virtual address mode" / 24-bit virtual addressing mode, which confirms the shift from DOS to Windows and multitasking. But you can not switch from protected mode back to real / real mode without booting their PCs and operating systems that use this only OS / 2 the time.
GENERATION 3 80 386 DX Processor
386 was launched October 17, 1985. 80 386 is a 32 bit CPU first. From the point of view of traditional DOS PC, not a revolution. 286 great works as soon as the first 386SX-32 bit mode while applying. This processor can put address up to 4 GB of memory and has a way of addressing that is better than 286. 386 work at a clock speed of 16.20, and 33 MHz. Later Cyrix and AMD make clones / imitations are working at 40 MHz. 386 introduced a new working mode in addition to real and protected mode on 286. The new mode called virtual 8086 is open for multitasking because the CPU can create multiple virtual 8086 in each memory location individually. 80 386 is the first CPU with a good job demonstrating early versions of Windows.
Processor 80386SX
This chip is a chip that did not complete the most famous of the 386DX. This processor has only a 16-bit external data bus is different from the 32 bit DX. Also, the SX has only 24 address lines. Therefore, this processor can only put address a maximum of 16 MB RAM. This processor is not the real 386, but a cheaper motherboard makes it very popular.
GENERATION 4 80 486 DX Processor
80 486 issued 10 April 1989 and works two times faster than its predecessor. This can happen because of the handling of x86 commands a faster, more-more in RISC mode. At the same time the bus speed was increased, but the 386DX and 486DX are 32 bit chips. Something new in the 486 is to make a math coprocessor / mathematical auxiliary processor.
Previously, the math co-processor chip to be installed is a separate 387, 486 also has 8 KB of L1 cache.
80 486 SX Processor
This is a new processor chip that is not complete. Math co-processor is removed compared to 486DX.
Processor Cyrix 486SLC
Cyrix and Texas Instruments have made a series of 486SLC chips. Chip-chip using the same set of commands such as 486DX, and worked internally 32 bit like DX. Externally but works only on 16 bit (like a 386SX). Therefore, the chips can only handle 16 MB RAM. Moreover, only has 1 KB of internal cache and no mathematical co-processor. Indeed these chips are only 286/386SX improvement. Chip-chip is not a clone chips. These chips have a fundamental difference in architecture when compared to Intel chips.
IBM Processor 486SLC2
IBM has made its own 486 chip. A series of chip was named SLC2 and SLC3. The latter is known as Blue Lightning. These chips can be compared with Intel's 486SX, because they do not have a mathematical coprocessor into one. But it has 16 KB internal cache (compared to Intel which has 8 KB). Which reduces its performance is from the chip bus interface 386. SLC2 worked at 25/50 MHz externally and internally, while the chip SLC3 work on 25/75 and 33/100 MHz. IBM makes chips for their own PCs with their own facilities, melesensi logiknya from Intel.
Development of 486 Next
DX4, DX4 processor Intel-processor represents an increase of 80,486. Tripled its speed from 25 to 75 MHz and from 33 to 100 MHz. Another DX4 chip is accelerated up to from 25 to 83 MHz. DX4 has 16 KB internal cache and works at 3.3 volts. DX and DX2 have only 8 KB cache and require 5 volt with inherent heat problems.
Table CPU and FPU
CPU FPU '
8086 8087
80286 80287
80386 80387
80486DX Built in / in
80486SX None
Inside the Pentium and thereafter
GENERATION 5 Pentium Classic (P54C)
The chip was developed by Intel and released on March 22, 1993. Pentium is a super scalar processor, which means that this processor can run more than one command per clock tick. This processor handles two commands every tick, comparable with two 486 in a single chip. There are big changes in the bus system: double width to 64 bits and its speed increased to 60 or 66 MHz. Since then, Intel Pentium produces two kinds of working at 60 MHz system bus (P90, P120, P150, and P180) and the rest, working at 66 MHz (P100, P133, P166, and P200).
Cyrix 6 × 86
Cyrix chips from the company that introduced February 5, 1996 This is a cheap imitation Pentium. This chip is compatible with the Pentium, because it fits with the Socket 7. Cyrix CPU-CPUnya market by comparing the clock frequency of Intel. Cyrix 6 × 86 is known with poor performance on floating pointnya. Cyrix has a problem when running NT 4.0.
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
AMD Pentium Pentium-like chips offered by Intel to compete with strictly. AMD uses their own technologies. Therefore, the processor is not a clone-clone. AMD has a series as follows: - K5, can be equated with the Pentium, Pentium Classic (with 16 KB L1 cache and without MMX).
- K6, K6-2, and K6-3 to compete with Pentium MMX and Pentium II.
- K7 Athlon, August 1999, is not compatible with Socket 7.
AMD K5
K5 is a Pentium clone. K5 long as the samples sold as PR133 (Perform rating.) That is, demonstrating that the chip would work like a Pentium P133. However, only runs 100 MHz internally. The chip can still be installed on the motherboard like a P133. AMD K5 PR166 also there. This chip is intended to compete with Intel's P166. Works only on 116.6 MHz (1.75 x 66 MHz) internally. This is due to an optimized cache and other new developments. There's only feature that does not comply with the P166 is in floating-point work. PR133 and PR166 worth far less expensive than a comparable Pentium type, and the processor is very well known on the machines at low prices.
Pentium MMX (P55C)
Pentium, Pentium P55C was introduced January 8, 1997. MMX is a collection of new orders (57 new integer, 4 new data types and 8 64-bit registers), which extends the capabilities of these CPUs. MMX's commands are designed for multimedia programs. Programmers can use these commandments in its programs. This will provide improvements in running the program.
IDT Winchip
IDT is a smaller company that produces such as the Pentium MMX CPU at a low price. IDT C6 WinChip first introduced in May 1997.
AMD K6
AMD K6 was launched 2 April 1997. This chip is demonstrating working a little better than the Pentium MMX. Therefore, included in the P6 family.
· Equipped with 32 +32 KB L1 cache and MMX.
· Contains 8.8 million transistors.
K5 K6 as well as compatible with the Pentium. Thus, it can be placed on the Socket 7, the general Pentium motherboards, and it soon became very famous for making K6.
Cyrix 6x86MX (MII)
Cyrix also has a chip with high performance, are among the generation of the 5th and 6th. The first type is seated against the Pentium MMX chip from Intel. The next type can be compared with the K6. A powerful group of P6 processor from Cyrix announced as "M2". Introduced on May 30, 1997 his name became 6x86MX. Then given the name of MII. 6x86MX chip is compatible with MMX Pnetium and paired normal on Socket 7 motherboards, 6x86MX has 64 KB internal L1 cache. Cyrix also utilizing technology not found in the Pentium MMX.
6X86MX specifically compared with the 6 th generation CPU other (Pentium II and Pro and K6) since it does not work based on RISC kernel. 6X86MX run the original CISC instructions, such as the Pentium MMX.
6X86MX have - like all Dary processor Cyrix - a problem related to the FPU unit. However, if only used for standard applications, this is not a problem. Problems will arise if the play 3D games. 6x86MX chip is quite powerful. But these chips have no FPU and MMX are demonstrating good work. These chips do not include technology, 3DNow!
Internal and External speed 6x86MX
Speed Speed 6x8MX internal external
PR166 150 MHz 60 MHz
PR200 166 MHz 66 MHz
PR233 188 MHz 75 MHz
PR266 225 MHz 75 MHz
PR300 233 MHz 66 MHz
PR333 255 MHz 83 MHz
PR433 285 MHz 95 MHz
PR466 333 MHz 95 MHz
Two types of 6X86MX and MII, on 14 April 1998 version of the Cyrix MII launched. This chip is actually the same chip with 6x86MX only works on a higher clock frequency. Furthermore, the voltage reduced to 2.2 volts.
AMD K6-2
Version of the "model 8" K6 next has a code name "Chomper". This processor on May 28, 1998 is marketed as a K6-2, and the like versions of the original K6 model 7, made with 0:25 micron technology. These chips work only with a 2.2 voltage. This chip became the rival of Intel's Pentium II.
K6-2 is made for the front-side bus (bus system) at a speed of 100 MHz and Super 7 motherboard. AMD to make other companies such as Via and Alladin, create a new chip set for traditional Socket 7 motherboard, after Intel knew in 1997 to stop the platform.
K6-2 also improved the performance of MMX is two times better than the initial K6. K6-2 has a new 3D plug-ins (called 3DNow!) For the performance of the game better. Consisting of 21 new instructions that can be used by software developers to provide 3D performance is better.
Support is included in DirectX 6.0 for Windows. DirectX is the multimedia API, to Windows. DirectX is a program that can improve multimedia performance in all Windows programs.
Multimedia 3DNow! not compatible with MMX, but MMX K6-2 has the best 3DNow!. Cyrix and IDT also launched a CPU with 3DNow!.
K6-2 give the performance is very, very good. You can compare this with the Pentium II processor. K6-2 350 MHz work demonstrating very similar to the Pentium II-350, but sold more cheaply. And to save more for a cheaper motherboard.
K6-2 With its Bus and Clock
K6-2 Bus Clock
266 MHz 66 MHz 4.0 x 66 MHz
266 MHz 88 MHz 3.0 x 88 MHz
300 MHz 100 MHz 3.0 x 100 MHz
333 MHz 95 MHz 3.5 x 95 MHz
350 MHz 100 MHz 3.5 x 100 MHz
380 MHz 95 MHz 4.0 x 95 MHz
400 MHz 100 MHz 4.0 x 100 MHz
GENERATION 6 Pentium Pro
Pentium Pro development started 1991, in Oregon. Introduced on 1 November, 1995. Pentium Pro is a pure RISC processor, optimized for 32 bit processing in Windows NT or OS / 2. The new feature is that the L2 cache into a single chip giant, with a rectangular chip and Socket-8nya. Unit CPU and L2 cache are separate units inside this chip.
Pentium II
Pentium Pro "Klamath" was the code name of Intel's top processor. This processor Pentium Pro to end the series there is a reduction in part and in part there is improvement.
Introduced May 7, 1997, the Pentium II has the features:
· CPU is put together with 512 KB L2 within a module SECC (Single Edge Contact Cartridge)
· Connect with motherboards using the link / connector slots one and P6 GTL + bus.
· MMX commands.
· Improvements to run 16 bit programs (fun for users of Windows 3.11)
· Doubling and improved L1 cache (16 KB + 16 KB).
· Internal speed increased from 233 MHz to 300 MHz (higher subsequent versions).
· L2 Cache CPU working at half speed.
With the new design, the L2 cache has its own bus. L2 Cache CPU working at half speed, such as 133 MHz or 150 MHz. Clearly represents a setback from the Pentium Pro, which can work at 200 MHz between the CPU and L2 cache. This was answered with L1 cache. Below is seen the ratio is:
Pentium II has been available in 233, 266, 300, 333.350, 400, 450, and 500 MHz (higher speed appear immediately.) With 8244BX and i810 chip sets Pentium II has a very good performance.
Pentium II shaped a large rectangular plastic box, which contains the CPU and cache. There is also a small controller (S824459AB) and a cooling fan with a large size.
Differences CPU Cache
CPU speed transfer rate of displacement rate
'L1 L2 L2 clock,
Pentium 200 777 MB / sec. 66 MHz 67 MB / sec.
Pentium 200 MMX 790 MB / s 66 MHz 74 MB / sec
Pentium Pro 200 957 MB / s 200 MHz 316 MB / sec
Pentium II 266 MHz 1.175 MB / s 133 MHz 221 MB / sec
Pentium-II Celeron
Early 1998 Intel has a difficult time with the Pentium Pro II is a bit expensive. Many users buy the AMD K6-233M, which offers excellent performance at a decent price.
And Intel made a brand new CPU, called Celeron. This processor is the same as II except Pnetium L2 cache that has been released. These processors can be called the Pentium II-SX. In 1998 Intel Pentium MMX replace it with the Celeron first. Then the design is fixed.
Cartridge according to the Slot 1 Celeron and work pda 66 MHz system bus. Internal clock works on 266 or 300 MHz.
Pentium-II Celeron A: Mendocino
The interesting part of the new cartridge with 128 KB L2 cache inside the CPU. This gives a very good performance, because the L2 cache to work at full CPU speed. Celeron 300A is a chip in the card:
Pentium-II Celeron PPGA: Socket 370
New Socket 370 for Celeron. 400 and 366 MHz processor (1999) is available in a plastic pin grid array (PPGA). Socket PGA370 tradisional.yang looks like Socket 7 has 370 pins.
Pentium-II Xeon
On 26 Juali 1998 Intel introduced the Pentium II cartridge is new, named Xeon. Intended for servers and high-end users. Pentium II Xeon is a new cartridge suitable Degnan new connector called Slot two. This module is two cal higher than the Pentium II, but there are other important changes and improvements:
· Chip L2 cache RAM is a new type: CSRAM (Custom SRAM), who works at full CPU speed.
· Size different L2 cache: 512, 1024, or 2048 KB L2 RAM.
· Memory to 8 GB of RAM can be cached.
° to four or eight Xeon processors in one server.
· Support dicluster server.
· New chip sets and 82450NX 82440GX.
Xeon chip to work at full CPU clock speed. Can be estimated, that would have the same performance as the L1 cache. But from L1 to L2 interface is worth a clock tick at the beginning of each shift, so there is some delay. But if the data is moved, work at full clock speed.
AMD K6-3
AMD K6-3 is a model 9 with the code name "Sharptooth", which may have a cache of three levels:
· Little improvement compared to K6-2 unit
· 258 KB L2 cache for a single chip
Plan · three-level cache
· Bus 133 MHz front side only.
· Clock speed of 400 MHz to 450 MHz.
The two 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 unified with its chip. L2 cache on the die is working at full processor speed as it did on the Pentium Pro, and as is done on the Celeron A and the Xeon processor from Intel.
This will certainly increase the speed much K6! Due to a K6-3 is used on the motherboard Super 7 and the space to the next level of cache L3 cache. The design of three levels of cache are designed to use an existing motherboard up to 2 MB of cache on-board. This should be an L2 cache (on the motherboard) that is used as a three-level cache. This happens automatically, and the larger the cache namapak would much improve its performance!
Pentium III - Katmai
The first of the Intel P6 CPU is the Pentium Pro. Then obtained PentiumII in various types. And the last is a Pentium III. March 1999 Intel introduces a new enhanced MMX2 set to perintayh graphics (including 70 pieces). This command is called Katmai New Instructions (KNI) / New Order Katmai or SSE. This command is intended to enhance the performance of 3D games - such as technology, 3DNow! AMD. Katmai enter a "double precision floating-point single instruction multiple data" / "double precision floating point with a single command a lot of data" (or DPFS SIMD for short) who worked in eight 128-bit registers.
KNI was introduced on the new Pentium III 500 MHz. This processor is very similar to the Pentium II. Using a Slot 1, and differ only in new features such as pemaikaian Katmai and SSE.
These processors are paired on the motherboard with the chip set and slot 1 BX.
This processor has several features:
· Identification Number
· New registers and 70 new orders
Finally, the clock speed was increased to 500 MHz with room for further improvement. Pentium III Xeon (codenamed Tanner) was introduced March 17, 1999. Xeon chips are updated with all the new features of the Pentium III. To take advantage of Intel have announced the Profusion chip set.
Number identifier PSN (Processor Serial Number), unique to each CPU, has led to much talk of security problems. This number is worth 96 bit electronically programmed into each chiop. Surely this means a very wise initiative, which could make electronic commerce and encryption in the Internet to be safe and effective.
GENERATION 7 AMD Athlon K-7
AMD Processor main very shocking Athlon (K7) was introduced in August 1999. Responses Intel (codenamed Foster) can not be expected until the end of 2000. In the first months, the market responded very positively Athlon. It seems that (as expected) to outperform the Pentium III at the same clock frequency.
· Like the Pentium II module, the design is wholly owned by AMD. Socket is called Slot A.
· 600 MHz clock speed is the first version.
· Than 8 MB of L2 cache (512 KB minimum, without additional TAG-RAM).
· 128 KB L1 Cache.
· Contains 22 million transistors (Pentium III has a 9.3 million).
· Bus new species
· Type bus system that is really new, that the first version will work at 200 MHz. Increased to 400 MHz are expected later. 200MHz RAM speed is two times faster than all existing Intel CPUs. This high speed will require a new fast RAM to get the full benefit from this effect.
·-Free backside bus, which connects the L2 cache. Here, the clock speed can be ¼, 1 / 3, 2 / 3 or equal to the internal CPU frequency. It is the same system as used on the P6 system which can be half-speed L2 (Celeron, Pentium II and III) or the full CPU speed (such as the Xeon).
· Encoding the heavy and DPU
· Three coding command program commands RISCx86 translate into an effective RISC commands, ROP, where up to 9 command can be run sererntak. The first trial showed 2.8 encoding CISC instructions per clock cycle. It is approximately 30% better than the Pentium II and III.
· Able to handle and reconstruct up to 72 orders (outside ROP) simultaneously (Pentium III can perform 40, K6-2 is only 24).
· The performance of the FPU is great with three commands simultaneously and one GFLOP at 500 floating point. Two GFLOP with command MMX and 3DNow! It was at least equal to the performance of the Pentium III to take full advantage of Katmai. Machine 3DNow! even been improved compared to the K6-3.
The performance of the Athlon
Processor FPU Winmark
Intel Pentium III/500 2562
AMD Athlon / 500 MHz 2767
· AMD does not have a license to use the Slot 1 design, so that the controller logic circuits came from Digital Equipment Corp.. Called EV6 and is designed for Alpha 21 264 CPU. Company AMD is planning to develop their own chip set, but the architectures will be royalty free for use. It makes use of AMD's first processor and motherboard chip set specially designed by AMD itself.
· Use EV6 bus gives a lot of band width than Intel's GTL +. This means that the Athlon has the ability to work with new RAM types, such as RDRAM. Also use 128 KB L1 cache is quite heavy. L1 cache is important if the clock speed increase and 128 KB of two times the size of the Pentium II.
· Athlon will be available in several versions. Version "at the latest" L2 cache has worked one-third the speed of the CPU, where the best will be working at full CPU speed (as done by Xeon). Athlon will give persainga n Intel in all layers including servers, which can be compared with the Xeon processor.
INTEL PROCESSOR-BASED DEVELOPMENT
There are many kinds of processors are available today. Some are designed for the needs of the portable computer, others specifically designed for the use of multi media. The following discussion briefly describes the types of Intel-based processors in general and their features.
MMX Technology
Intel's MMX technology is designed to improve the performance of multimedia and communications applications. Prior to the MMX, several separate processor used to implement communication and voice in the computer system. With MMX design, this technology can be added into the design of the processor. This means the set of instructions that is owned by a processor optimized for handling multimedia and communications program. MMX added 57 new instructions in the basic instruction set of the processor.
These instructions are optimized to be able to execute quickly. New data types and 64 bit registers are also added to support MMX technology.
Pentium II
Processor main features:
· Speeds ranging from 233MHz to 450MHz (in 1999)
· Suitable for workstations and servers
· Use single edge contact cartridge, 242 pins
· Including 512KB level two cache
· 32KB of level one cache is divided into 16KB data and 16KB instruction cache
Pentium Pro
This processor circuit suitable for high-end servers that require up to 4 processors. Features are:
· Suitable for high-end workstations and servers
· Speed 150, 166, 180 and 200MHz
· Able to be scaled up to 4 processors in multiprocessor systems
· Optimized until it can run 32-bit.
· 8K/8K separate data and instruction level one cache
Cerelon Processor
Cerelon processor designed for use in the home consumer market. Processor features:
· Velocity range of 266 to 500MHz (in 1999)
· Similar to the Pentium II processor
· 300 and 333MHz versions include 128K of level two cache
· Level one cache 32K (consisting of 16K instruction and 16K data)
· Includes MMX technology
Pentium III Processor
Based on the P6 micro-architecture, Intel MMX media is enhanced by the provision of Streaming SIMD Extensions. Diaman there were 70 new instructions enabling advanced image drawing, 3D graphics, audio and video, and the introduction of the conversation. New feature is the processor serial number, this is an electronic number that is added to every Pentium III processor, which can be used by IT departments for information management / asset.
Processor features:
· Velocity range 450MHz, 500MHz, 550MHz and 600MHz (in 1999)
· 70 new instructions
· Intel ® Processor Serial Number
· P6 microarchitecture
· 100MHz system bus
· 512k Cache Level Two
· Intel ® 440BX chipset
Pentium III Xeon Processor
Is a scalable processor (multiprocessor) as much as 2, 4, 8 or more and is designed specifically for mid-range and server / workstations that higher level.
Processor features:
· Suitable for high-end workstations or high-end servers
· Speeds range from 500 to 550MHz (in 1999)
· Supports multiprocessor scaling
· Having the processor serial number
· 32KB (16KB data / 16KB instruction) Nonblocking, L1 cache
· 512Kbytes L2 cache
8th Generation Intel Core 2 Duo
8th-generation processor is Core 2 Duo that was launched in July 2007. This processor uses the x86 microprocessor architecture. Architecture is by Intel called the Intel Core microarchitecture, where the architecture is replacing the old architecture from Intel, called the NetBurst since the year 2000. Use of Core 2 also marks a new era of Intel processors, where Intel's Pentium brand that has been used since 1993 was changed to Intel Core.
At this time the Core 2 design is very different from the NetBurst. NetBurst, which was applied on the Pentium 4 and Pentium D, Intel to put forward a very high clock speed. While the new Core 2 architecture, Intel is emphasizing the increase of the features of the CPU, such as cache size and number of cores present in Core 2 processors. Parties Intel claims power consumption of the new architecture that requires only very little power when compared with the previous Pentium processor line.
Processor Intel Core 2 has features such as EM64T, Virtualization Technology, Execute Disable Bit, and SSE4. Meanwhile, the latest technology which is carried LaGrande Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, and Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT2).
Here are some of the core processor codenamed contained in the product Intel Core 2, codenamed certainly has the distinction between one another.
Conroe
Core processors from Intel Core 2 Duo's first code-named Conroe. This processor built using 65 nm technology and is intended for desktop use ranks to replace the Pentium 4 and Pentium D. Even the Intel claims that Conroe has 40% better performance than the Pentium D that must have been using a dual core as well. Core 2 Duo only require less power of 40% compared to the Pentium D to produce performance that have been mentioned above.
Processor is already using the core Conroe labeled "E6 × 00". Several types of Conroe that have been circulating in the market is the type of E6300 with sebesar1.86 GHz clock speed, type E6400 with a clock speed of 2.13 GHz, E6600 type with a 2.4 GHz clock speed, and type E6700 with a clock speed of 2.67 GHz. For processors with E6300 and E6400 have type Shared L2 cache of 2 MB, whereas the other type has a L2 cache of 4 MB. The alignment of this processor has a FSB (Front Side Bus) of 1066 MT / s (Megatransfer) and power needed only by 65 Watt TDP (Thermal Design Power).
Based on the testing that there are a few sites that we found, until this paper is derived from the family of Core 2 processors are able to counter enemy's size, which is AMD. And at the moment is equal to 4 GHz overclocking to even, with the type of processor E6600 and E6700 are still able to work stably even if multipliers are extremely limited. These results break the assumption of the overclocker community who think that the processors made by Intel are not for overclocking. The fact of the several processors being tested by several sites, the Intel Core 2 Duo even able to outperform AMD who have long become "king" of the line desktop processor that is used for 3D features primarily Now! Him.
Conroe XE
The next Core processor Conroe XE is currently the subject of much debate. Conroe XE itself is the core processor from Intel Core 2 Extreme, which was launched simultaneously with the Intel Core 2 Duo on July 27, 2006. Conroe XE has more power than Conroe. The first and the only type issued by Intel for the Core 2 Extreme processor line is the X6800 and have been circulating on the market today although the numbers are very limited.
Processor Intel Core 2 are already using Intel Core 2 Extreme Conroe XE core will replace the position of the Pentium 4 Processor EE (Extreme Edition) and dual-core Extreme Edition. Core 2 Extreme has a clock speed of 2.93 GHz and FSB of 1066 MT / s. Family of Conroe XE requires a TDP of only 75 to 80 Watt. In a state full load temperature of X6800 processor generated will not exceed 450C. Others again if its SpeedStep function is in an active state. If active, the processor temperature at idle produced by X6800 just hover around 250C. Quite impressive, considering the previous generation Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition generates heat that can be said to be very high.
Almost the same as Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme has a shared L2 cache of 4 MB is only just the most visible difference from the second Conroe is the speed of each clock speednya only. Actually, to a processor class "Extreme Edition", the difference should be more, not only based on the size of its clock speed alone.
GENERATION 1 (Processor 8088 and 8086)
Processor 8086 (1978) is the first Intel 16 bit CPU that uses 16-bit system bus. But the 16-bit hardware like the motherboard when it's too expensive, where 8-bit microcomputer is standard. In 1979 Intel CPU redesigned to fit the 8-bit hardware is there. The first PC (1981) has this 8088 CPU. 8088 is a 16 bit CPU, but only internally. External data bus width is only 8 bits that give kompatibelan with existing hardware.
Indeed 8088 is a CPU 16 / 8 bits. Logically this processor can be named 8086SX. 8086 is the first CPU that is really 16 bits in this family.
80 286 GENERATION 2 processor
286 (1982) is also a 16 bit processor. This processor has a relatively big progress compared to the first generation chips. Clock frequency is increased, but the main improvement is to optimize the handling of orders. 286 produces more work per clock tick than 8088/8086. In the initial speed (6 MHz) demonstrating work four times better than 8086 at 4.77 MHz. Recently introduced with the clock speed of 8.10, and 12 MHz are used in IBM PC-AT (1984). Renewal of the others is the ability to work in protected mode / modes of protection - a new working mode with a "24-bit virtual address mode" / 24-bit virtual addressing mode, which confirms the shift from DOS to Windows and multitasking. But you can not switch from protected mode back to real / real mode without booting their PCs and operating systems that use this only OS / 2 the time.
GENERATION 3 80 386 DX Processor
386 was launched October 17, 1985. 80 386 is a 32 bit CPU first. From the point of view of traditional DOS PC, not a revolution. 286 great works as soon as the first 386SX-32 bit mode while applying. This processor can put address up to 4 GB of memory and has a way of addressing that is better than 286. 386 work at a clock speed of 16.20, and 33 MHz. Later Cyrix and AMD make clones / imitations are working at 40 MHz. 386 introduced a new working mode in addition to real and protected mode on 286. The new mode called virtual 8086 is open for multitasking because the CPU can create multiple virtual 8086 in each memory location individually. 80 386 is the first CPU with a good job demonstrating early versions of Windows.
Processor 80386SX
This chip is a chip that did not complete the most famous of the 386DX. This processor has only a 16-bit external data bus is different from the 32 bit DX. Also, the SX has only 24 address lines. Therefore, this processor can only put address a maximum of 16 MB RAM. This processor is not the real 386, but a cheaper motherboard makes it very popular.
GENERATION 4 80 486 DX Processor
80 486 issued 10 April 1989 and works two times faster than its predecessor. This can happen because of the handling of x86 commands a faster, more-more in RISC mode. At the same time the bus speed was increased, but the 386DX and 486DX are 32 bit chips. Something new in the 486 is to make a math coprocessor / mathematical auxiliary processor.
Previously, the math co-processor chip to be installed is a separate 387, 486 also has 8 KB of L1 cache.
80 486 SX Processor
This is a new processor chip that is not complete. Math co-processor is removed compared to 486DX.
Processor Cyrix 486SLC
Cyrix and Texas Instruments have made a series of 486SLC chips. Chip-chip using the same set of commands such as 486DX, and worked internally 32 bit like DX. Externally but works only on 16 bit (like a 386SX). Therefore, the chips can only handle 16 MB RAM. Moreover, only has 1 KB of internal cache and no mathematical co-processor. Indeed these chips are only 286/386SX improvement. Chip-chip is not a clone chips. These chips have a fundamental difference in architecture when compared to Intel chips.
IBM Processor 486SLC2
IBM has made its own 486 chip. A series of chip was named SLC2 and SLC3. The latter is known as Blue Lightning. These chips can be compared with Intel's 486SX, because they do not have a mathematical coprocessor into one. But it has 16 KB internal cache (compared to Intel which has 8 KB). Which reduces its performance is from the chip bus interface 386. SLC2 worked at 25/50 MHz externally and internally, while the chip SLC3 work on 25/75 and 33/100 MHz. IBM makes chips for their own PCs with their own facilities, melesensi logiknya from Intel.
Development of 486 Next
DX4, DX4 processor Intel-processor represents an increase of 80,486. Tripled its speed from 25 to 75 MHz and from 33 to 100 MHz. Another DX4 chip is accelerated up to from 25 to 83 MHz. DX4 has 16 KB internal cache and works at 3.3 volts. DX and DX2 have only 8 KB cache and require 5 volt with inherent heat problems.
Table CPU and FPU
CPU FPU '
8086 8087
80286 80287
80386 80387
80486DX Built in / in
80486SX None
Inside the Pentium and thereafter
GENERATION 5 Pentium Classic (P54C)
The chip was developed by Intel and released on March 22, 1993. Pentium is a super scalar processor, which means that this processor can run more than one command per clock tick. This processor handles two commands every tick, comparable with two 486 in a single chip. There are big changes in the bus system: double width to 64 bits and its speed increased to 60 or 66 MHz. Since then, Intel Pentium produces two kinds of working at 60 MHz system bus (P90, P120, P150, and P180) and the rest, working at 66 MHz (P100, P133, P166, and P200).
Cyrix 6 × 86
Cyrix chips from the company that introduced February 5, 1996 This is a cheap imitation Pentium. This chip is compatible with the Pentium, because it fits with the Socket 7. Cyrix CPU-CPUnya market by comparing the clock frequency of Intel. Cyrix 6 × 86 is known with poor performance on floating pointnya. Cyrix has a problem when running NT 4.0.
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
AMD Pentium Pentium-like chips offered by Intel to compete with strictly. AMD uses their own technologies. Therefore, the processor is not a clone-clone. AMD has a series as follows: - K5, can be equated with the Pentium, Pentium Classic (with 16 KB L1 cache and without MMX).
- K6, K6-2, and K6-3 to compete with Pentium MMX and Pentium II.
- K7 Athlon, August 1999, is not compatible with Socket 7.
AMD K5
K5 is a Pentium clone. K5 long as the samples sold as PR133 (Perform rating.) That is, demonstrating that the chip would work like a Pentium P133. However, only runs 100 MHz internally. The chip can still be installed on the motherboard like a P133. AMD K5 PR166 also there. This chip is intended to compete with Intel's P166. Works only on 116.6 MHz (1.75 x 66 MHz) internally. This is due to an optimized cache and other new developments. There's only feature that does not comply with the P166 is in floating-point work. PR133 and PR166 worth far less expensive than a comparable Pentium type, and the processor is very well known on the machines at low prices.
Pentium MMX (P55C)
Pentium, Pentium P55C was introduced January 8, 1997. MMX is a collection of new orders (57 new integer, 4 new data types and 8 64-bit registers), which extends the capabilities of these CPUs. MMX's commands are designed for multimedia programs. Programmers can use these commandments in its programs. This will provide improvements in running the program.
IDT Winchip
IDT is a smaller company that produces such as the Pentium MMX CPU at a low price. IDT C6 WinChip first introduced in May 1997.
AMD K6
AMD K6 was launched 2 April 1997. This chip is demonstrating working a little better than the Pentium MMX. Therefore, included in the P6 family.
· Equipped with 32 +32 KB L1 cache and MMX.
· Contains 8.8 million transistors.
K5 K6 as well as compatible with the Pentium. Thus, it can be placed on the Socket 7, the general Pentium motherboards, and it soon became very famous for making K6.
Cyrix 6x86MX (MII)
Cyrix also has a chip with high performance, are among the generation of the 5th and 6th. The first type is seated against the Pentium MMX chip from Intel. The next type can be compared with the K6. A powerful group of P6 processor from Cyrix announced as "M2". Introduced on May 30, 1997 his name became 6x86MX. Then given the name of MII. 6x86MX chip is compatible with MMX Pnetium and paired normal on Socket 7 motherboards, 6x86MX has 64 KB internal L1 cache. Cyrix also utilizing technology not found in the Pentium MMX.
6X86MX specifically compared with the 6 th generation CPU other (Pentium II and Pro and K6) since it does not work based on RISC kernel. 6X86MX run the original CISC instructions, such as the Pentium MMX.
6X86MX have - like all Dary processor Cyrix - a problem related to the FPU unit. However, if only used for standard applications, this is not a problem. Problems will arise if the play 3D games. 6x86MX chip is quite powerful. But these chips have no FPU and MMX are demonstrating good work. These chips do not include technology, 3DNow!
Internal and External speed 6x86MX
Speed Speed 6x8MX internal external
PR166 150 MHz 60 MHz
PR200 166 MHz 66 MHz
PR233 188 MHz 75 MHz
PR266 225 MHz 75 MHz
PR300 233 MHz 66 MHz
PR333 255 MHz 83 MHz
PR433 285 MHz 95 MHz
PR466 333 MHz 95 MHz
Two types of 6X86MX and MII, on 14 April 1998 version of the Cyrix MII launched. This chip is actually the same chip with 6x86MX only works on a higher clock frequency. Furthermore, the voltage reduced to 2.2 volts.
AMD K6-2
Version of the "model 8" K6 next has a code name "Chomper". This processor on May 28, 1998 is marketed as a K6-2, and the like versions of the original K6 model 7, made with 0:25 micron technology. These chips work only with a 2.2 voltage. This chip became the rival of Intel's Pentium II.
K6-2 is made for the front-side bus (bus system) at a speed of 100 MHz and Super 7 motherboard. AMD to make other companies such as Via and Alladin, create a new chip set for traditional Socket 7 motherboard, after Intel knew in 1997 to stop the platform.
K6-2 also improved the performance of MMX is two times better than the initial K6. K6-2 has a new 3D plug-ins (called 3DNow!) For the performance of the game better. Consisting of 21 new instructions that can be used by software developers to provide 3D performance is better.
Support is included in DirectX 6.0 for Windows. DirectX is the multimedia API, to Windows. DirectX is a program that can improve multimedia performance in all Windows programs.
Multimedia 3DNow! not compatible with MMX, but MMX K6-2 has the best 3DNow!. Cyrix and IDT also launched a CPU with 3DNow!.
K6-2 give the performance is very, very good. You can compare this with the Pentium II processor. K6-2 350 MHz work demonstrating very similar to the Pentium II-350, but sold more cheaply. And to save more for a cheaper motherboard.
K6-2 With its Bus and Clock
K6-2 Bus Clock
266 MHz 66 MHz 4.0 x 66 MHz
266 MHz 88 MHz 3.0 x 88 MHz
300 MHz 100 MHz 3.0 x 100 MHz
333 MHz 95 MHz 3.5 x 95 MHz
350 MHz 100 MHz 3.5 x 100 MHz
380 MHz 95 MHz 4.0 x 95 MHz
400 MHz 100 MHz 4.0 x 100 MHz
GENERATION 6 Pentium Pro
Pentium Pro development started 1991, in Oregon. Introduced on 1 November, 1995. Pentium Pro is a pure RISC processor, optimized for 32 bit processing in Windows NT or OS / 2. The new feature is that the L2 cache into a single chip giant, with a rectangular chip and Socket-8nya. Unit CPU and L2 cache are separate units inside this chip.
Pentium II
Pentium Pro "Klamath" was the code name of Intel's top processor. This processor Pentium Pro to end the series there is a reduction in part and in part there is improvement.
Introduced May 7, 1997, the Pentium II has the features:
· CPU is put together with 512 KB L2 within a module SECC (Single Edge Contact Cartridge)
· Connect with motherboards using the link / connector slots one and P6 GTL + bus.
· MMX commands.
· Improvements to run 16 bit programs (fun for users of Windows 3.11)
· Doubling and improved L1 cache (16 KB + 16 KB).
· Internal speed increased from 233 MHz to 300 MHz (higher subsequent versions).
· L2 Cache CPU working at half speed.
With the new design, the L2 cache has its own bus. L2 Cache CPU working at half speed, such as 133 MHz or 150 MHz. Clearly represents a setback from the Pentium Pro, which can work at 200 MHz between the CPU and L2 cache. This was answered with L1 cache. Below is seen the ratio is:
Pentium II has been available in 233, 266, 300, 333.350, 400, 450, and 500 MHz (higher speed appear immediately.) With 8244BX and i810 chip sets Pentium II has a very good performance.
Pentium II shaped a large rectangular plastic box, which contains the CPU and cache. There is also a small controller (S824459AB) and a cooling fan with a large size.
Differences CPU Cache
CPU speed transfer rate of displacement rate
'L1 L2 L2 clock,
Pentium 200 777 MB / sec. 66 MHz 67 MB / sec.
Pentium 200 MMX 790 MB / s 66 MHz 74 MB / sec
Pentium Pro 200 957 MB / s 200 MHz 316 MB / sec
Pentium II 266 MHz 1.175 MB / s 133 MHz 221 MB / sec
Pentium-II Celeron
Early 1998 Intel has a difficult time with the Pentium Pro II is a bit expensive. Many users buy the AMD K6-233M, which offers excellent performance at a decent price.
And Intel made a brand new CPU, called Celeron. This processor is the same as II except Pnetium L2 cache that has been released. These processors can be called the Pentium II-SX. In 1998 Intel Pentium MMX replace it with the Celeron first. Then the design is fixed.
Cartridge according to the Slot 1 Celeron and work pda 66 MHz system bus. Internal clock works on 266 or 300 MHz.
Pentium-II Celeron A: Mendocino
The interesting part of the new cartridge with 128 KB L2 cache inside the CPU. This gives a very good performance, because the L2 cache to work at full CPU speed. Celeron 300A is a chip in the card:
Pentium-II Celeron PPGA: Socket 370
New Socket 370 for Celeron. 400 and 366 MHz processor (1999) is available in a plastic pin grid array (PPGA). Socket PGA370 tradisional.yang looks like Socket 7 has 370 pins.
Pentium-II Xeon
On 26 Juali 1998 Intel introduced the Pentium II cartridge is new, named Xeon. Intended for servers and high-end users. Pentium II Xeon is a new cartridge suitable Degnan new connector called Slot two. This module is two cal higher than the Pentium II, but there are other important changes and improvements:
· Chip L2 cache RAM is a new type: CSRAM (Custom SRAM), who works at full CPU speed.
· Size different L2 cache: 512, 1024, or 2048 KB L2 RAM.
· Memory to 8 GB of RAM can be cached.
° to four or eight Xeon processors in one server.
· Support dicluster server.
· New chip sets and 82450NX 82440GX.
Xeon chip to work at full CPU clock speed. Can be estimated, that would have the same performance as the L1 cache. But from L1 to L2 interface is worth a clock tick at the beginning of each shift, so there is some delay. But if the data is moved, work at full clock speed.
AMD K6-3
AMD K6-3 is a model 9 with the code name "Sharptooth", which may have a cache of three levels:
· Little improvement compared to K6-2 unit
· 258 KB L2 cache for a single chip
Plan · three-level cache
· Bus 133 MHz front side only.
· Clock speed of 400 MHz to 450 MHz.
The two 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 unified with its chip. L2 cache on the die is working at full processor speed as it did on the Pentium Pro, and as is done on the Celeron A and the Xeon processor from Intel.
This will certainly increase the speed much K6! Due to a K6-3 is used on the motherboard Super 7 and the space to the next level of cache L3 cache. The design of three levels of cache are designed to use an existing motherboard up to 2 MB of cache on-board. This should be an L2 cache (on the motherboard) that is used as a three-level cache. This happens automatically, and the larger the cache namapak would much improve its performance!
Pentium III - Katmai
The first of the Intel P6 CPU is the Pentium Pro. Then obtained PentiumII in various types. And the last is a Pentium III. March 1999 Intel introduces a new enhanced MMX2 set to perintayh graphics (including 70 pieces). This command is called Katmai New Instructions (KNI) / New Order Katmai or SSE. This command is intended to enhance the performance of 3D games - such as technology, 3DNow! AMD. Katmai enter a "double precision floating-point single instruction multiple data" / "double precision floating point with a single command a lot of data" (or DPFS SIMD for short) who worked in eight 128-bit registers.
KNI was introduced on the new Pentium III 500 MHz. This processor is very similar to the Pentium II. Using a Slot 1, and differ only in new features such as pemaikaian Katmai and SSE.
These processors are paired on the motherboard with the chip set and slot 1 BX.
This processor has several features:
· Identification Number
· New registers and 70 new orders
Finally, the clock speed was increased to 500 MHz with room for further improvement. Pentium III Xeon (codenamed Tanner) was introduced March 17, 1999. Xeon chips are updated with all the new features of the Pentium III. To take advantage of Intel have announced the Profusion chip set.
Number identifier PSN (Processor Serial Number), unique to each CPU, has led to much talk of security problems. This number is worth 96 bit electronically programmed into each chiop. Surely this means a very wise initiative, which could make electronic commerce and encryption in the Internet to be safe and effective.
GENERATION 7 AMD Athlon K-7
AMD Processor main very shocking Athlon (K7) was introduced in August 1999. Responses Intel (codenamed Foster) can not be expected until the end of 2000. In the first months, the market responded very positively Athlon. It seems that (as expected) to outperform the Pentium III at the same clock frequency.
· Like the Pentium II module, the design is wholly owned by AMD. Socket is called Slot A.
· 600 MHz clock speed is the first version.
· Than 8 MB of L2 cache (512 KB minimum, without additional TAG-RAM).
· 128 KB L1 Cache.
· Contains 22 million transistors (Pentium III has a 9.3 million).
· Bus new species
· Type bus system that is really new, that the first version will work at 200 MHz. Increased to 400 MHz are expected later. 200MHz RAM speed is two times faster than all existing Intel CPUs. This high speed will require a new fast RAM to get the full benefit from this effect.
·-Free backside bus, which connects the L2 cache. Here, the clock speed can be ¼, 1 / 3, 2 / 3 or equal to the internal CPU frequency. It is the same system as used on the P6 system which can be half-speed L2 (Celeron, Pentium II and III) or the full CPU speed (such as the Xeon).
· Encoding the heavy and DPU
· Three coding command program commands RISCx86 translate into an effective RISC commands, ROP, where up to 9 command can be run sererntak. The first trial showed 2.8 encoding CISC instructions per clock cycle. It is approximately 30% better than the Pentium II and III.
· Able to handle and reconstruct up to 72 orders (outside ROP) simultaneously (Pentium III can perform 40, K6-2 is only 24).
· The performance of the FPU is great with three commands simultaneously and one GFLOP at 500 floating point. Two GFLOP with command MMX and 3DNow! It was at least equal to the performance of the Pentium III to take full advantage of Katmai. Machine 3DNow! even been improved compared to the K6-3.
The performance of the Athlon
Processor FPU Winmark
Intel Pentium III/500 2562
AMD Athlon / 500 MHz 2767
· AMD does not have a license to use the Slot 1 design, so that the controller logic circuits came from Digital Equipment Corp.. Called EV6 and is designed for Alpha 21 264 CPU. Company AMD is planning to develop their own chip set, but the architectures will be royalty free for use. It makes use of AMD's first processor and motherboard chip set specially designed by AMD itself.
· Use EV6 bus gives a lot of band width than Intel's GTL +. This means that the Athlon has the ability to work with new RAM types, such as RDRAM. Also use 128 KB L1 cache is quite heavy. L1 cache is important if the clock speed increase and 128 KB of two times the size of the Pentium II.
· Athlon will be available in several versions. Version "at the latest" L2 cache has worked one-third the speed of the CPU, where the best will be working at full CPU speed (as done by Xeon). Athlon will give persainga n Intel in all layers including servers, which can be compared with the Xeon processor.
INTEL PROCESSOR-BASED DEVELOPMENT
There are many kinds of processors are available today. Some are designed for the needs of the portable computer, others specifically designed for the use of multi media. The following discussion briefly describes the types of Intel-based processors in general and their features.
MMX Technology
Intel's MMX technology is designed to improve the performance of multimedia and communications applications. Prior to the MMX, several separate processor used to implement communication and voice in the computer system. With MMX design, this technology can be added into the design of the processor. This means the set of instructions that is owned by a processor optimized for handling multimedia and communications program. MMX added 57 new instructions in the basic instruction set of the processor.
These instructions are optimized to be able to execute quickly. New data types and 64 bit registers are also added to support MMX technology.
Pentium II
Processor main features:
· Speeds ranging from 233MHz to 450MHz (in 1999)
· Suitable for workstations and servers
· Use single edge contact cartridge, 242 pins
· Including 512KB level two cache
· 32KB of level one cache is divided into 16KB data and 16KB instruction cache
Pentium Pro
This processor circuit suitable for high-end servers that require up to 4 processors. Features are:
· Suitable for high-end workstations and servers
· Speed 150, 166, 180 and 200MHz
· Able to be scaled up to 4 processors in multiprocessor systems
· Optimized until it can run 32-bit.
· 8K/8K separate data and instruction level one cache
Cerelon Processor
Cerelon processor designed for use in the home consumer market. Processor features:
· Velocity range of 266 to 500MHz (in 1999)
· Similar to the Pentium II processor
· 300 and 333MHz versions include 128K of level two cache
· Level one cache 32K (consisting of 16K instruction and 16K data)
· Includes MMX technology
Pentium III Processor
Based on the P6 micro-architecture, Intel MMX media is enhanced by the provision of Streaming SIMD Extensions. Diaman there were 70 new instructions enabling advanced image drawing, 3D graphics, audio and video, and the introduction of the conversation. New feature is the processor serial number, this is an electronic number that is added to every Pentium III processor, which can be used by IT departments for information management / asset.
Processor features:
· Velocity range 450MHz, 500MHz, 550MHz and 600MHz (in 1999)
· 70 new instructions
· Intel ® Processor Serial Number
· P6 microarchitecture
· 100MHz system bus
· 512k Cache Level Two
· Intel ® 440BX chipset
Pentium III Xeon Processor
Is a scalable processor (multiprocessor) as much as 2, 4, 8 or more and is designed specifically for mid-range and server / workstations that higher level.
Processor features:
· Suitable for high-end workstations or high-end servers
· Speeds range from 500 to 550MHz (in 1999)
· Supports multiprocessor scaling
· Having the processor serial number
· 32KB (16KB data / 16KB instruction) Nonblocking, L1 cache
· 512Kbytes L2 cache
8th Generation Intel Core 2 Duo
8th-generation processor is Core 2 Duo that was launched in July 2007. This processor uses the x86 microprocessor architecture. Architecture is by Intel called the Intel Core microarchitecture, where the architecture is replacing the old architecture from Intel, called the NetBurst since the year 2000. Use of Core 2 also marks a new era of Intel processors, where Intel's Pentium brand that has been used since 1993 was changed to Intel Core.
At this time the Core 2 design is very different from the NetBurst. NetBurst, which was applied on the Pentium 4 and Pentium D, Intel to put forward a very high clock speed. While the new Core 2 architecture, Intel is emphasizing the increase of the features of the CPU, such as cache size and number of cores present in Core 2 processors. Parties Intel claims power consumption of the new architecture that requires only very little power when compared with the previous Pentium processor line.
Processor Intel Core 2 has features such as EM64T, Virtualization Technology, Execute Disable Bit, and SSE4. Meanwhile, the latest technology which is carried LaGrande Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, and Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT2).
Here are some of the core processor codenamed contained in the product Intel Core 2, codenamed certainly has the distinction between one another.
Conroe
Core processors from Intel Core 2 Duo's first code-named Conroe. This processor built using 65 nm technology and is intended for desktop use ranks to replace the Pentium 4 and Pentium D. Even the Intel claims that Conroe has 40% better performance than the Pentium D that must have been using a dual core as well. Core 2 Duo only require less power of 40% compared to the Pentium D to produce performance that have been mentioned above.
Processor is already using the core Conroe labeled "E6 × 00". Several types of Conroe that have been circulating in the market is the type of E6300 with sebesar1.86 GHz clock speed, type E6400 with a clock speed of 2.13 GHz, E6600 type with a 2.4 GHz clock speed, and type E6700 with a clock speed of 2.67 GHz. For processors with E6300 and E6400 have type Shared L2 cache of 2 MB, whereas the other type has a L2 cache of 4 MB. The alignment of this processor has a FSB (Front Side Bus) of 1066 MT / s (Megatransfer) and power needed only by 65 Watt TDP (Thermal Design Power).
Based on the testing that there are a few sites that we found, until this paper is derived from the family of Core 2 processors are able to counter enemy's size, which is AMD. And at the moment is equal to 4 GHz overclocking to even, with the type of processor E6600 and E6700 are still able to work stably even if multipliers are extremely limited. These results break the assumption of the overclocker community who think that the processors made by Intel are not for overclocking. The fact of the several processors being tested by several sites, the Intel Core 2 Duo even able to outperform AMD who have long become "king" of the line desktop processor that is used for 3D features primarily Now! Him.
Conroe XE
The next Core processor Conroe XE is currently the subject of much debate. Conroe XE itself is the core processor from Intel Core 2 Extreme, which was launched simultaneously with the Intel Core 2 Duo on July 27, 2006. Conroe XE has more power than Conroe. The first and the only type issued by Intel for the Core 2 Extreme processor line is the X6800 and have been circulating on the market today although the numbers are very limited.
Processor Intel Core 2 are already using Intel Core 2 Extreme Conroe XE core will replace the position of the Pentium 4 Processor EE (Extreme Edition) and dual-core Extreme Edition. Core 2 Extreme has a clock speed of 2.93 GHz and FSB of 1066 MT / s. Family of Conroe XE requires a TDP of only 75 to 80 Watt. In a state full load temperature of X6800 processor generated will not exceed 450C. Others again if its SpeedStep function is in an active state. If active, the processor temperature at idle produced by X6800 just hover around 250C. Quite impressive, considering the previous generation Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition generates heat that can be said to be very high.
Almost the same as Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme has a shared L2 cache of 4 MB is only just the most visible difference from the second Conroe is the speed of each clock speednya only. Actually, to a processor class "Extreme Edition", the difference should be more, not only based on the size of its clock speed alone.
so much impressive info about 386 was launched October 17, 1985. 80 386 is a 32 bit CPU first. really generation to generation upgrade their systems.
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